Energy supply

• Gas-fired power generation
• Cleaner coal power generation technology
• Hydro-electricity to replace coal-fired power stations
• Co-generation (biomass and fossil-fuel based)
• Renewable electricity (e.g. wind, photovoltaics, biomass) and other renewable energy (e.g. biogas)
• Switch of synthetic fuel feedstock from coal to gas
• Use of forest and agricultural wastes to generate electricity and heat

Manufacturing

• Conversion of boilers from coal to gas
• Industrial energy efficiency
• Structural change to less energy and emissions-intensive industries

Mining

• Industrial energy efficiency
• Reducing methane emissions from coal mines

Agriculture and forestry

• Aforestation and reforestation (during the first commitment period 2008 - 2012)
• Improved management of natural woodlands
• Control of fires

Transport and Communications

• Improved public transport
• Improved urban planning and traffic management
• Improved vehicle efficiency
• Vehicle fuel switching
• Switching from road to rail transport

Residential, commercial and government buildings

• Energy-efficient appliances
• Solar water heating
• Fuel switching in households and commercial boilers
• Energy-efficient building design
• Energy management